"But the reform part is conditio sine qua non"

Poland could get up to 57 billion euros in EU recovery funds, but the executive has been withholding its required approval for Warsaw's detailed plan on how to spend it amid long and increasingly bitter feuds over democratic standards.

European Commission chief Ursula von der Leyen told a news conference that Poland's ruling Law and Justice (PiS) party had to undo its new disciplinary regime for judges, widely criticised for undercutting judicial independence. "We want to put into that recovery and resilience plan a clear commitment to dismantle the disciplinary chamber, to end or reform the disciplinary regime and to start a process to reinstall the judges," she said. "I think it is doable, I hope that we will reach an agreement. But the reform part is conditio sine qua non," she said, using the Latin term for an indispensable condition.

Poland has said it will alter the disciplinary regime as part of broader reforms, but it has not yet presented detailed plans. "There will be some changes in disciplinary proceedings, but we will not act under the pressure or illegal blackmail which is the course of action created by the European Commission," said Deputy Justice Minister Sebastian Kaleta.

Separately, the European Network of Councils for the Judiciary (ENCJ), an organisation of EU bodies representing judges, voted on Thursday to expel Poland's National Council of the Judiciary (KRS).

"The KRS does not safeguard the independence of the Judiciary, it does not to defend the Judiciary... in a manner consistent with its role as guarantor, in the face of any measures which threaten to compromise the core values of independence and autonomy," the ENCJ said in a statement.

Since coming to power in 2015, Poland's nationalist PiS has introduced sweeping changes to the judiciary, putting judges under more government control in the EU's largest ex-communist country and the biggest eastern market of 38 million people.

The KRS plays a key role in Poland's judicial system as it reviews all nominations of judges. Under the government's reforms, its members are now mostly appointed by the PiS-dominated parliament, whereas before they were chosen by judges.

The expulsion of the KRS from the EU group could intensify calls by government critics for decisive action and make it easier for those unhappy with the decisions of judges appointed under the new rules to challenge them.

However, Malgorzata Manowska, the First President of the Supreme Court, told TVN 24 the expulsion would only cause Poland "image" problems.