Poland fleshed out details on Monday May 27) of "Shield East", a 10 billion zloty ($2.55 billion) programme to beef up defences along its eastern border with Belarus and Russia, saying it hoped to complete the plans by 2028. "This is the largest operation to strengthen Poland's eastern border, NATO's eastern flank, since 1945," Defence Minister Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz told a news conference.