"Fort Trump" to remain a pipe dream?

On June 12 last year, Trump agreed, with Polish President Andrzej Duda beside him at the White House, to send 1,000 more troops to his NATO ally, bolstering its defenses against Russia to the east and cementing bilateral ties. Many officials called the project "Fort Trump", although the name was never official, and the idea of building a new base for the troops was soon dropped. A U.S. official familiar with the matter said the idea had been doomed from the start: "There is no Fort Trump."

A year on, government officials in Washington and Warsaw say they still cannot agree where the troops should be stationed, and how much of the multi-billion-dollar deployment Warsaw should fund. Poland wants to put them close to its eastern border with Russia's ally Belarus, but on past form this is certain to antagonize Russia, and Washington would prefer to deploy them further west, the officials said. Warsaw initially talked of contributing $2 billion, already a challenge now that the coronavirus has dented its economy, but the United States wants it to pay more, the officials added.

Then there is the legal status of U.S. troops permanently stationed in Poland for the first time; currently, around 4,500 troops are regularly rotated through. Washington wants enhanced legal immunity, for example in situations where U.S. troops are accused of crimes on Polish soil, but Poland is balking.

Polish Deputy Foreign Minister Paweł Jabłoński calls it all "a very complicated process". "There's the question of financing, of the placement, of legal rights, under what principles these soldiers will function here," he told Reuters. "The discussions are taking a long time because the subject matter is just very complex. I do think we will come to a final decision, but this will still take some time," he added.

And that time may just have got longer. Last week, a senior U.S. official said Trump had decided to draw down 9,500 of the 34,500 U.S. troops currently deployed in Germany. U.S. officials said some of these could be sent to Poland, which is dismayed that its gain might be at the expense of its NATO ally and neighbor, a key element in its own security plan.

"In general, every withdrawal of military forces in Europe is a risk, and it's not that we as a Polish government see this positively, because we think the American presence should be larger," Jabłoński said.

Some of the U.S. troops currently in Poland were deployed by NATO after Moscow sent shivers through Warsaw in 2014 by seizing the Crimean peninsula from Ukraine, which borders both countries. For the additional U.S. troops, six locations were shortlisted when Vice President Mike Pence visited Warsaw in September. High-level talks to deal with sticking points, scheduled for March, were called off after U.S. defense undersecretary John Rood left his post at Trump's request, the U.S. official said.

U.S. President Donald Trump has ordered the Pentagon to cut the number of U.S. troops stationed in Germany, a senior U.S. official said on June 5. The move would reduce the U.S. troop presence in Germany by 9,500 troops from the 34,500 troops that are currently permanently assigned there.

Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki said on June 6 he hoped that some of the U.S. troops that are set to be removed from Germany will be reassigned to Poland. "I deeply hope that as a result of the many talks that we had... part of the troops based today in Germany which are being removed by the United States ... will indeed come to Poland," Morawiecki told private radio RMF24. "The decision is now on the U.S. side."